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Autore
Gagliardi, Francesco

Titolo
Le teorie della diagnosi tra filosofia, cognizione e storia
Periodico
Rivista di filosofia
Anno: 2020 - Fascicolo: 2 - Pagina iniziale: 239 - Pagina finale: 264

Diagnosis is the process of attributing a disease to a patient basedon the clinical signs and symptoms he or she manifests. In the philosophyof medicine, the various ways in which the diagnostic procedurecan be carried out have been formalized with the theoriesof diagnosis. According to these theories, there are two main typesof diagnosis: the causal diagnosis, which is based on the «explanation» of the clinical case considered, and the nosological diagnosis,which is based on the «recognition» of a typical morbid picturein the patient considered. In this work we consider diagnosis as aparticular cognitive process of categorization and conceptualizationof the human mind carried out in the clinical setting. This allowsus to analyze and relate the theories of diagnosis with the theoriesof concepts developed in cognitive sciences – in particular withtheory of theory and theory of typicality – and with the computationalmodels introduced in Artificial Intelligence. Furthermore, weshow how the theories of diagnosis have their origins in the variousattempts to naturalize and conceptualize the disease that arose inthe history of medicine: the functionalist and the essentialist ones.This allows us to better analyze the differences and specificities oftheories of diagnosis and, at the same time, to provide further supportfor the link between diagnosis theories and concept theories.The theories of diagnosis, theories of categorization and the differentpossible conceptualizations of the disease result, therefore, in asort of circular interdependence.



SICI: 0035-6239(2020)2<239:LTDDTF>2.0.ZU;2-#
Testo completo: https://www.rivisteweb.it/download/article/10.1413/97572
Testo completo alternativo: https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.1413/97572

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