Autore
Avenia, Catello

Titolo
Siria e Iraq. Prossimità e distanze tra due conflitti
Periodico
Ordine internazionale e diritti umani
Anno: 2015 - Fascicolo: 5 - Pagina iniziale: 1102 - Pagina finale: 1129

SYRIA AND IRAQ. ANALOGIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO CONFLICTS Can we define as a single conflict that which began with the occupation AngloAmerican post-Saddam Hussein Iraq and arrives till the facts of Damascus and the affirmation of ISIS? Probably yes, according to the reconstruction of the events. Exactly qualified the Syrian case, the paper analyzes the Iraq conflict without leaving the vacuum of power that characterized Iraq post-Saddam Hussein's regime and the inevitable consequence of the creation of a new threat to peace and the international security. The narration of the facts shows a common element: the religious component of the extremist fight matrix (Sunnis against Alawites in Syria, Sunnis against Shiites in Iraq), in an area that since the times of the colonial order appeared highly confrontational and unstable. A situation that has been exploited by governments who took turns at the lead of the States object of the analysis. With the result that the identity politics has become the main vehicle for political expression influenced by the different regional dynamics. The conflict would be the dangerous result of the Sykes-Picot signed a century ago by British and French colonizers for a region - the Levant - where States had not yet reached a clear national identity. Another common element is the type of not international conflict, both defined as international conflicts first and internal or civil war, then. Unfortunately, in common it is the commission of serious human rights violations and war crimes. UN Security Council and General Assembly were limited to condemn the facts, identify the culprits and invite to dialogue the parties. But no decision has been taken under chapter VII of the UN Charter. The unifying element is, perhaps, the common, but not coordinated, fight against ISIS that was born and developed in Iraq and infiltrated in neighboring Syria. Disconcerting to note that some third countries, to weaken the Syrian regime, favoring Isis, but simultaneously supporting Damascus in the fight against the jihadists. Before a similar and complicated scenario, a change of government in Syria - as well as unthinkable and illogical would prove ineffective and useless. It makes no sense to force the resignation of a legitimate government, perhaps with the involvement of third States. Such action could prove detrimental to the sovereignty of a State. And this is prohibited.



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