This paper contains a brief study starting from the reform of art. 117 of the Italian Constitution, which arises some questions about the uniformity and the diversification of labour law. The analysis is focused on the way according to which the social rights provisions are distributed between the State and the Regions as well as on the limits encountered by regional law in the dismissal regulation. The part of the new constitutional text that enforces the implementation of equality between men and women upon regional legislation is also taken into consideration.